Wealth Inequality in U.S. - 1988 Words

Final Paper Wealth Inequality in U.S. and Economic Efficiency Over the last decade, income inequality has become one of the most important issues in the U.S. and a subject of a lot of debate. There is a prevalent idea in the society that the wealth inequality in United States is currently at the highest level in the history after steadily raising for a number of decades. The financial crisis is said to have contributed to this significant gap between the top 1% and everybody else. People view it as an inherently negative thing, and fight hard to promote the equality and income redistribution. This paper examines the causes of inequality; the relationship between wealth inequality and economic growth and the hypothesis on how policy†¦show more content†¦According to a 2014 Credit Suisse study, the ratio of wealth to household income is the highest it has been since the Great Depression. (Mark Gongloff, Key Inequality Measure The Highest Since The Great Depression. The Huffington Post.). Based on Inequality for All, the top 1 percent gen erates more than 20 percent of the countrys income, and the 400 wealthiest people in the nation possess more wealth than everybody in the bottom 50 percent. There is a significant correlation between the income inequality and social mobility which reflects the prospects of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people in a society to move through a system of social hierarchy. According to Harvard study, the spatial variation in intergenerational mobility is strongly correlated with five factors: (1) residential segregation, (2) income inequality, (3) school quality, (4) social capital, and (5) family structure. (The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States, Harvard, June 2014). The inequality problems arise when society lacks equality of opportunity to advance. Economic mobility in U.S. is much lower than in most first world countries. For instance, poor children growing up in countries like Canada and Denmark have a greater chance of moving up the economic ladder than do poor children from the United States. (The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Wealth Inequality in the U.S.1484 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Giovenco Political Science Inequality Paper 12-18-14 The Effects of Wealth Inequality in the United States Wealth inequality in the United States has grown tremendously since 1970. The United States continuously reveals higher rates of inequality as a result of perpetual support for free market capitalism. The high rates of wealth inequality cause the growing financial crisis to persist, lower socio-economic mobility, increase national poverty, and have adverse effects on health andRead MoreThe Ambiguity Of Income Inequality1143 Words   |  5 PagesIncome Inequality Pundits say that income inequality has been one of the greatest downturns of our country’s growth and development, however a puzzle exists where economics and politics meet that does not make the solution to income inequality easy to find. Political leaders, economists, and bankers all agree that policies have appealed more to the interests of the governing class than those of the ordinary people. The comments surrounding this topic mostly stem from the strong shift of wealth distributionRead MoreA Brief Examination Of Wealth Inequality1663 Words   |  7 PagesA Brief Examination of Wealth Inequality in America Thomas Buonanno Debating U.S. Issues April 7, 2017 With every passing moment, the problem gets worse, and many people in this country do not even know it exists. Over the past few decades, the middle class has slowly begun to disappear as trillions of dollars have shifted to the top 1% of the country. This pandemic so infiltrated the American economy that the richest 400 individuals in America today own more wealth than the poorest 150 millionRead MoreTheu.s. Supreme Court Justice And Lived From Post World War II902 Words   |  4 Pagescan either have democracy in this country or we can have great wealth concentrated in the hands of a few, but we can’t have both.† This is a compelling quote spoken by Louis Brandeis, who was U.S. Supreme Court Justice and lived from 1856 to 1941. His words illustrate the ever-growing issue of inequality that has existed in this country for many years. Being aware of and understanding the changing rates of income inequality in the U.S throughout history is crucial in order to progress by making positiveRead MoreImpact Of Wealth Inequality On The United States1220 Words   |  5 PagesImpacts of Wealth Inequality Wealth in the United States is generally thought to be spread fairly as the highest earners have a higher percentage of wealth. Although this common notion is technically correct, the wealth is not spread as fairly as people might believe. The United States uses a free market, capitalistic economy, which entails wealth inequality. However, the amount of wealth inequality depends on how the government limits the wealthy. Interestingly enough, the government does not haveRead MoreWealth Inequality Of The United States1216 Words   |  5 PagesWealth in the United States is generally thought to be distributed fairly as the highest earners have a higher percentage of wealth. Although this common notion is technically correct, the wealth is not spread as fairly as people might believe. The United States uses a free market, capitalistic economy, which entails wealth inequality. However, the amount of wealth inequality depends on how the government limits the wealthy. Interestingly enough , the government does not have regulations to distributeRead MoreOccupy Wall Street Movement1612 Words   |  7 PagesEthics 309 Discuss the moral and economic implications involved in the movement. September 17, 2011 is the day the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement began in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City. The main issues include social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the undue influence of corporations on government according to The New York Times. The mix of moral foundations based on ideas from the anthropologist Richard Shweder, outline six clusters of moral concern - care, fairnessRead MorePoverty And The American Dream933 Words   |  4 Pagesway to get out. The Inequality gap in America has increased for the past few decades. Resulting from Economic Inequality in America, 400 Americans share more than 50% of America’s total wealth. These 400 Americans are the Top 1%. While the Top 1% are living luxurious lives, the Bottom 99% is struggling to make ends meet. Inequality is nothing new to the United States. In fact, it is a serious problem for America’s Economy, Democracy and the Middle Class. Economic Inequality is the thing that makesRead MoreUnderstanding the American Wealth Disparity: End of the Road Documentary by Tim Delmastro1624 Words   |  7 PagesParticularly, in the United States there has been a growing issue of income inequality. The textbook definition of income inequality states: the difference between individuals or populations in the distribution of their assets, wealth, or income. The political problem itself, nevertheless, is deeper and denser than that. Out of all the developed nations, the United States is ranked with having the most uneven distribution of wealth. The top one percent reigns over the shrinking middle class and poorerRead MoreClass Is A Topic Seldom Discussed Amongst Citizens Of The1156 Words   |  5 PagesClass is a topic seldom discussed amongst citizens of the U.S. As a country that is based on equality, it is not hard to see why people may be reluctant to define their social status. Topics distinguishing the upper and lower cla ss are avoided by politicians and trivialized by the media. By maintaining the illusion of a classless America, important issues such as social inequalities are overlooked. Such avoidance of social inequalities work in favor of the wealthy, but do damage to the lower classes

US and Mexico Border Fence Pros and Cons

The southern border of the United States shared with Mexico spans almost 2,000 miles. Walls, fences, and virtual walls of sensors and cameras monitored by the U.S. Border Patrol are already built along one-third of the border (approximately 670 miles) to secure the border and cut down on illegal immigration. Americans are split on the border barrier issue. While most people are in favor of increasing the security of the borders, others are concerned that the negative impacts do not outweigh the benefits. The U.S. government views the Mexican border as an important part of its overall homeland security initiative. Cost of the Border Barrier The price tag currently sits at $7 billion for border fencing and related infrastructure like pedestrian and vehicle fencing with lifetime maintenance costs expected to exceed $50 billion. The Trump Administration and Mexican Border Enhancement As a major part of his platform during the 2016 presidential campaign, President Donald Trump called for the construction of a much larger, fortified wall along the entire 2,000-mile-long Mexico–United States border, claiming Mexico would pay for its construction, which he estimated at $8 to $12 billion. Other estimates brought the cost of the wall closer to $15 to $25 billion. On January 25, 2017, the Trump administration signed a Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements Executive Order to commence the building of the border wall. In response, Mexican President Enrique Peà ±a Nieto said his country would not pay for the wall under any circumstances and canceled a scheduled meeting with Trump at the White House, seemingly straining relations between the two presidents. With the possibility of Mexico paying for any part of the wall  apparently off the table, the Trump administration used existing funds to begin construction of a small section of the new wall, along with improvements to existing sections of the wall in early March 2018. On March 23, 2018, President Trump signed an omnibus government spending bill dedicating $1.6 billion to the construction of the remainder of the wall. As he signed the bill, Trump referred to the $1.6 billion as â€Å"an initial down payment† on the estimated nearly $10 billion needed to fence the entire border. The funds  will pay for construction of about 25 miles (40 kilometers) of a new wall along levees in the Texas Rio Grande Valley, as well as repair and upgrades to existing walls and anti-vehicle devices.   The Great 2019 Border Wall Government Shutdown The issue of the border barrier, and especially the politics behind it, escalated dramatically in January 2019, when Congress refused to include $5.7 billion requested by President Trump for the construction of steel border fencing in a bill funding the operations of nine of the 15 federal executive branch agencies. On December 22, 2019, the resulting stalemate between the White House and the now Democrat-controlled House resulted in what, by January 12, had become the longest lasting government shutdown in U.S. history. On January 8, President Trump, calling the situation on the Mexican border a â€Å"humanitarian crisis,† threatened to declare a national emergency, allowing him to go around Congress by ordering the use of already allocated funds for construction of the border barrier. In a letter to Congress, the White House Office of Management and Budget estimate that the funds requested by President Trump would allow for the construction of about 234 miles of steel fencing to be added to what was by then the 580 miles of barrier already in place at a cost of around $24.4 million per mile, exclusive of ongoing maintenance. While the resulting 814 miles of barrier  fencing would leave approximately 1,140 miles of the 1,954-mile long border still free of barriers, the Department of Homeland Security had earlier stated that not all of the remaining border needed to be fenced. Border Patrol officials suggested that the inherent dangers of trying to cross rugged, desolate desert areas on foot made fencing unnecessary. On January 19, Democrats rejected another immigration reform and border security package offered by President Trump, refusing to negotiate until and unless he ended the government shutdown. On February 15, 2019, President Trump signed a compromise Homeland Security spending bill providing $1.375 billion for 55 miles of new border fencing. The same day, he made good on his threat to declare a national emergency to build the wall. Under the terms of the emergency proclamation, $3.5 billion was redirected from the Defense Department’s military construction budget to the construction of new border wall. In addition, he used executive orders to redirect another $3.1 billion from the Departments of Defense and Treasury’s drug interdiction programs to wall building. White House officials said the combined money would pay for at least 234 miles â€Å"of new physical barrier† along the border. While no further details were provided, President Trump stated in a Twitter post on March 8, 2019, that, â€Å"The Wall is being built and is well under construction.† History of the Border Barrier In 1924, Congress created the U.S. Border Patrol. Illegal immigration increased in the late 1970s, but it was in the 1990s when drug trafficking and illegal immigration had a major uptick and concerns about the nations security became an important issue. Border Control agents and the military succeeded in reducing the number of smugglers and illegal crossings for a period of time, but once the military left, activity again increased. After the September 11 terrorist attacks in the U.S., homeland security was again a priority. Many ideas were tossed around during the next few years on what could be done to permanently secure the border. And, in 2006, the Secure Fence Act was passed to build 700 miles of double-reinforced security fencing in areas along the border prone to drug trafficking and illegal immigration. President Bush also deployed 6,000 National Guardsmen to the Mexico border to assist with border control. Reasons for the Border Barrier Historically, policing borders has been integral to the preservation of nations around the globe for centuries. The construction of a barrier to safeguard American citizens from illegal activities is considered by some to be in the  best interest of the nation.  The pros of a border barrier include overall homeland security, the cost of lost tax revenue and strain on government resources and the past successes of border enforcement. Rising Cost of Illegal Immigration Illegal immigration  is estimated to cost the United States millions of dollars, and according to Trump, $113 billion a year in lost income tax revenue. Illegal immigration is considered a strain on government spending by overburdening social welfare, health, and education programs. Border Enforcement Past Success The use of physical barriers and high-tech surveillance equipment increases the probability of apprehension and have shown some success. Arizona has been the epicenter of crossings by illegal immigrants for several years. In one year, authorities apprehended 8,600 people trying to enter the U.S. illegally in the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range used for air-to-ground bombing practice by Air Force pilots. The number of people caught crossing San Diegos border illegally has also dropped dramatically. In the early 1990s, about 600,000 people attempted to cross the border illegally. After the construction of a fence and increased  border patrols,  that number dropped to 39,000 in 2015. Reasons Against the Border Barrier The question of the effectiveness of a physical barrier that has workarounds is a significant concern to those opposed to a border barrier. The barrier has been criticized for being easy to get around. Some methods include digging under it, sometimes using complex tunnel systems, climbing the fence and using wire cutters to remove barbed-wire or locating and digging holes in vulnerable sections of the border. Many people have also traveled by boat through the Gulf of Mexico, the Pacific Coast or fly in and overstay their visas. There are other concerns such as the message it sends to our neighbors and the rest of the world and the human toll of crossing the border. In addition, a border wall affects wildlife on both sides, fragmenting the habitat and disrupting essential animal migration patterns.   Message to the World A segment of the American population feels that the United States should send a message of freedom and hope to those seeking a better way of life instead of sending a keep out message at our border. It is suggested that the answer does not lie in barriers; it entails  comprehensive immigration reform, which means these immigration issues need fixing, instead of building fences, which are as effective as putting a bandage on a gaping wound. In addition, a border barrier divides the land of three indigenous nations. Human Toll on Crossing the Border Barriers wont stop people from wanting a better life. And in some cases, theyre willing to pay the highest price for the opportunity. People smugglers, called coyotes, charge astronomical fees for passage. When smuggling costs rise, it becomes less cost-effective for individuals to travel back and forth for seasonal work, so they remain in the U.S. Now the whole family must make the trip to keep everyone together. Children, infants and the elderly attempt to cross. The conditions are extreme and some people will go for days without food or water. According to the Human Rights National Commission of Mexico and the American Civil Liberties Union, almost 5,000 people have died attempting to crossing the border between 1994 and 2007. Environmental Impact Most environmentalists oppose the border barrier. Physical barriers hinder migrating wildlife, and plans show the fence will fragment wildlife refuges and private sanctuaries. Conservation groups are appalled that the Department of Homeland Security is bypassing dozens of environmental and land-management laws in order to build the border fence. More than 30 laws are being waived, including the Endangered Species Act and the National Environmental Policy Act. Updated by Robert Longley

Okonkwos Tragic Flaws in Chinua Achebes Things Fall...

An increasing amount of contemporary literature traces its origins back to the early works of Greece. For ages, humans have fascinated themselves with the impossible notion of perfection. Unrealistic expectations placed on those who were thought to be the noblest or most honorable individuals have repeatedly led to disappointment and frustration, either on the part of those particular individuals or those they influence. Classic characters, like Odysseus and Oedipus for instance, exemplify the excess of some positive character trait, like pride or honesty, which ironically leads to their personal misfortune. Throughout literary history, particularly within Grecian writings and apparently still evident in todays international†¦show more content†¦Dr. Peter Smith identifies the characteristic of an archetypal tragic hero as having noble stature, a tragic flaw, free choice, and increased awareness (Smith 1). He maintains the theory that in order for a character to fall he or she must come from an original position of power and prestige. The tragic figure falls as a result of a personality flaw. While fate does in deed lend a hand in events surrounding a tragic hero, there must be some element of free choice available to the character. According to Smith, the tragic hero falls because he chooses one course of action over another (1). The hero must understand through increased awareness what went wrong before he comes to his end. Additionally, in the case of a tragic figure, the punishment must exceed the crime. This is the injustice that evokes a kind of catharsis in the audience. In Things Fall Apart, Okonkwos greatest fears lay in the anger he holds for his father. His father, Unoka, is a man estranged from the tribe. Okonkwo hates him for his laziness and typically female traits. To Okonkwos further frustration, Unoka is refered to as agbala, meaning the weakest form of a man, one who has no property or one who resembles the weakness of a woman. Intense feelings for his father motivate Okonkwo to achieve a better life for himself and his family. He strives to avoid becoming anything like the man whom he despises and never forgives Unoka forShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart875 Words   |  4 PagesOkonkwo is a tragic hero in Things Fall Apart Question ( 2 ): Discuss Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe s â€Å"Things Fall Apart† is a tragic hero. Answer: In Chinua Achebe’s novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† Okonkwo is a tragic hero. Aristotle’s Poetics defines a Tragic Hero as a good man of high status who displays a tragic flaw ‘hamartia’ and experiences a dramatic reversal ‘peripeteia’, as well as an intense moment of recognition ‘anagnorisis’. Okonkwo is a leader and hardworking member of the Igbo communityRead MoreAnalysis of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1579 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebes 1958 novel Things Fall Apart marked a significant turning point not only for literature, but the world, because the novel is an attempt to blend the conflicting identities and ideologies of Africa in the wake of colonization. The novel depicts the destructive tension that arises between the traditions of the Igbo people and white colonizers, but, perhaps contrary to the readers expectation, it does not present either side as holding the ethical high ground. Rather, the nov el suggestsRead MoreThings Fall Apart- Achebe1000 Words   |  4 PagesAn African Tragedy In Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo is a tragic hero. Aristotle’s Poetics defines a Tragic Hero as a good man of high status who displays a tragic flaw (â€Å"hamartia†) and experiences a dramatic reversal (â€Å"peripeteia†), as well as an intense moment of recognition (â€Å"anagnorisis†). Okonkwo is a leader and hardworking member of the Igbo community of Umuofia whose tragic flaw is his great fear of weakness and failure. Okonkwo’s fall from grace in the Igbo communityRead MoreWork1068 Words   |  5 Pages2013 Things Fall Apart: Character Analysis Research Paper In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the main character Okonkwo has only one tragic flaw; he has raised himself so that looking weak or effeminate is the worst thing to him that he could do. Okonkwo is a model clansman based on his success. However, he is more alienated from his culture based on his lack of respect for it. In this research paper, I’ll walk through a character analysis of Okonkwo. The protagonist of Things FallRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreCulture is a Power Tool Used in Literature1261 Words   |  5 Pagesplot base of a tragic hero. The author, Chinua Achebe, models his main character of Okonkwo in the novel, Things fall apart, off of Shakespeares famous character Macbeth for the purpose of highlighting culture. The idea of a tragic hero is clearly defined in Shakespeares play Macbeth and in Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Both the characters, Okonkwo and Macbeth, have the same tragic flaw, which is a fear of weakness. The idea of a tragic hero, which is encompassed by a tragic flaw, is first to beRead MoreThings Fall Apart1991 Words   |  8 PagesTragic Hero or Coward? In Achebe’s book Things Fall Apart Okonkwo is arguably made out to be a â€Å"coward† due to the killing of the messenger and to himself. Many reader’s don’t see that Okonkwo is no coward at all, but should be considered a â€Å"tragic hero†. In the tribe of Umuofia, Okonkwo is considered to be the â€Å"greatest men of his time†(Achebe 8), his characteristics fit the definition of an everyday hero, which is a man of distinguished courage, ability, and thought highly of for his braveRead More Okonkwo in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesOkonkwo in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart  Ã‚  Ã‚   Okonkwo, as presented by Chinua Achebe in the novel Things Fall Apart, wished to be revered by all as a man of great wealth, power and control--the antithesis of his father. Okonkwo was driven by the need to exhibit utmost control over himself and others; he was an obsessive and insecure man. Okonkwos father, Unoka, was a failure, a loafer, and People laughed at him (1426). This would bring great shame to any man as it did for OkonkwoRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart And William Butler Yeats The Second Coming1128 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor deems that each individual had tragedies particularly the common man who dealt with it in his lifetime. He contends that tragedy possibly will also depict ordinary people in domestic surroundings. Miller had a new view of tragedy in which he saw tragic experience as impartial of widespread ethical matters. But, in all honesty, I would argue against Miller’s view of believing that tragedy is impossible in a world of moral relativity. Many views of tragedy have been portrayed over time; nonethelessRead MoreTragedy And The Common Man By Arthur Miller1675 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor deems that each individual had tragedies particularly the common man who dealt with it in his lifetime. He contends that tragedy possibly wi ll also depict ordinary people in domestic surroundings. Miller had a new view of tragedy in which he saw tragic experience as impartial of widespread ethical matters. But, in all honesty, I would argue against Miller’s view of believing that tragedy is impossible in a world of moral relativity. Many views of tragedy have been portrayed over time; nonetheless

Chicago School Of Social Ecology Theory - 1509 Words

Chicago School of Social Ecology has played its vital role in the development of urban ecology theory as the sociologists and ecologists from aforementioned school such as Robert Park and Earnest Burgess propagated that Central Business District (CBD) impacts urban and downtown planning, urban renewal, urban expansions, housing projects, commercial activities, industrialization, community development and urban ecological system. Next, the Berlin School of Urban Ecology also extended the aforementioned theoretical argument when the theorist Herbert Sukopp elaborated on studying the importance of biodiversity patterns, environmental transformations and natural changes in the global ecological system, processes and structures. Therefore, the theorists, academicians, researchers, sociologists and environmentalists argue that the theory of urban ecology broadly incorporates the facets of other crucial disciplines related to education, health, economy, psychology, social sciences, sociolog y, anthropology, history, environment, biosciences, economy, politics, international relations, geography, urban architecture and technology. One of the major developments pertaining to urban ecology theory is the comprehensiveness of modern urban system by incorporating social consciousness, social structures, social and government institutions, community relationships, migration, public infrastructure, governmental revenue streams, unemployment and underemployment problems. In other words, theShow MoreRelatedThe Development of the Chicago Schools1684 Words   |  7 Pagescrime found by the Chicago School and how the findings have shaped our understanding of crime in the 21st century. Firstly by introducing the Chicago School theory, also known as the, Theory of Social Disorganisation and the Ecological School Theory. The University of Chicago formed a department of Sociology in 1892 its focus related to issues in Criminology and Sociology, with interests in and towards Social Psychology along with Urban Sociology. The main focus of the Chicago school was that humanRead MoreEssay about Comparison of Urban Sociological Theories921 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Urban Sociological Theories In order for an urban sociologist to discover â€Å"How urban societies work,† theories of â€Å"urban ecology† or â€Å"political economy† are used as a guide in their research. Urban ecology refers to the importance of social structure and social organization as shaping social life in the city. Urban ecologist concerns for social order, social cohesion, community ties and social differentiation offer key insight to how societies work (Kleniewski, 2001). AlternativelyRead MoreWhat Is Ecological Theory Of Crime And Does It Have Any Practical Applications?1293 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is ecological theory of crime and does it have any practical applications? The ecological theory of crime, also known as social disorganisation of crime is a theory used to describe the difference in crime in association with physical environmental factors such as cultural and structural factors. In the 1970’s and 1980’s the term ‘environmental criminology’ was used until it became associated with environmental issues. This theory can also be defined as a positivist theory because it seeks toRead MoreBiological Determinism, Subculture Crime And Conflict Theories1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe theories that will be looked at in order to provide a sufficient report for the judge on what caused Albert to enter a life of crime which culminated in his conviction for murder are; biological determinism, ecological determinism, subculture crime and conflict theories. Biological determinism One of the best known application of biological determinism in relation to crime is from Cesare Lombroso who â€Å"Viewed criminals as suffering from a depravity caused by an atavistic reversion:† In otherRead MoreSocial Disorganization Theory On Urban Ecology And Burgess s Concentric Model3193 Words   |  13 Pages Social Disorganization Nicole Hofmann Criminological Theory – University of Tampa â€Æ' Abstract Social Disorganization theory has its roots in urban ecology and Burgess’s concentric model. As part of the positivist paradigm of criminology, it poses a scientific examination of the connection of social disorganization and crime mediated by structural factors. The macro-level research concludes that a weakening of social bonds between an individual and institutions of socialization will lead to delinquencyRead MoreRobert J. Sampson s Theories On Urban Neighborhoods And Criminal Behavior1292 Words   |  6 Pagesa criminologist, Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences and chair of the sociology department at Harvard University. He focuses heavily on the intersectionalities of race, poverty, age, and broken families in urban neighborhoods throughout his career. Robert emphasis that these intersectionalities are the causation of crime. Sampson is not a personality, biological, or opportunity theorist, but an soc-ecology theorist. He uses his theories that are more in a macro level. Sampson frequentlyRead MoreEssay about Social Disorginization theory 1296 Words   |  6 PagesShaw and McKay (1942) focused their research on the rapidly expanding city of Chicago Illinois in the early 1900’s. Cullen and Agnew (2011) stated that the population of Chicago expanded from 1 million people in 1890 to double that size within 20 years. According to Cullen and Agnew (2011) it was in this era of rapid expansion that researches begin to think differently about crime. Cullen and Agnew (2011) stated that the researchers began to think that the understanding of crime may not be foundRead MoreThe Effects Of Urbanization, Industrialization, And Immigration On The Chicago Neighborhood Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pages In 1892, The University of Chicago became the first university in the United States of America to establish a department of sociology (Panzarella Vona, 2013). Within a couple of years, the University of Chicago would become the leading university in developing criminal theories. The top professors of the sociology department studied in France and Germany where there is an emphasis placed on the social influence in human behavior by using official records, such as court and welfare records, asRead MoreDrug Trafficking And Distribution Of Drugs1254 Words   |  6 Pagesscholarly journals and other published articles that will pertain to Drug trafficking and distribution of drugs. The research gathered will all be from online resources located on the schools website and the classes required book pertaining to the curriculum. Keywords: Criminology, Drug Trafficking, Social Theories In the world of the criminal justice system, drug related makes up quite a large number. (2012) But what why is this such a big problem in the United States? Why is thisRead MoreSocial Ecology And Its Effects On Human Development3327 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract Social ecology is defined as the relationship of human beings to their environment. The social ecological approach analyzes the social, behavioral, and physical characteristics that influence community crime rates. This approach was developed in the early 1900s. Social scientists, Robert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess, of the University of Chicago, developed this ecological analysis. This paper provides an overview of the studies and findings conducted by Robert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess

Thoreaus Walden free essay sample

Thoreau arguments this by isolating himself from society in Massachusetts near Walden Pond and writes his own work Walden which exists as his own declaration of independence, where he conducts a personal social experiment and lives alone for two years. Chris McCandless, a visionary who wants to get away from ordinary life, travels two years to Alaska with no money, food, or transportation after his car dies. Emerson writes the essays Self Reliance and Nature regarding the understanding of life through avoiding conformity and self-consistency. All authors contend with the idea of society as it is to the point of isolation, even to the point of death in McCandless’s case. Thus, Thoreau’s beliefs about life, conveyed in his work Walden, do consist of merit regarding one’s over involvement in technology and pose the theory of ultimate simplicity, but a line should be drawn in the over-simplicity of one’s life, proven in the movie Into the Wild with the unfortunate ending of Chris McCandless. We will write a custom essay sample on Thoreaus Walden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ralph Waldo Emerson, a nineteenth century American philosopher and essayist, expresses his ideas regarding society as a whole. He writes the essays Self-Reliance and Nature to express his thoughts on the topic. In Self-Reliance, he conveys his idea of trusting oneself in that every human is a genius. He writes that everyone owns their individual thoughts and perceptions. He also writes that society has infringed on one’s thoughts and has taken away the genius of man. Society has taken away and persuaded man’s thoughts and only children who have not experienced the reality of life have their own independent thoughts. Emerson writes, â€Å"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines. † Emerson argues that when a man forms a pattern in his life he disregards his own nature. In Nature, he speaks to everyman, creating a different perspective and common ground that man must allow nature to â€Å"take him away, and society can destroy a man’s wholeness. † These ideas laid out by Emerson give many other American visionaries ideas. Walden, a self-written journal by Henry Thoreau, also delves into the concept of getting away from society and living a simplistic life. Thoreau decides to buy land in the woods two miles away from the nearest village, that Emerson himself owns, build a simplistic shack and live there for twenty-six months. Thoreau writes, â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life†¦ I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life†¦ and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it. He lived there for two years and learned to simplify, simplify. He writes that man ought to be fully present in everything, that people can better their lives simply by wanting to. He desires to really live life simplistically by taking away all the luxuries, living on the bare-minimum, and not going through the motions. In the conclusion he criticizes conformity saying, â€Å"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away. In secluding oneself from society and finding who he or she really is, man finds happiness and self-fulfillment. In the future, an extremist pushes Thoreau’s ideas to the next level by traveling even further into isolation. Chris McCandless, after graduating from the prestigious Emory University, establishes the decision to desert his family and travel across the country and live in Alaska in isolation from society. He bases this excursion on the principles of Thoreau. Like Thoreau, McCandless sees the wilderness as a purer state, a place free of the evils of modern society, where someone like him can find out what he is really made of, live by his own rules, and be completely free. Before his journey, he lived in a house where his parents fought and lied to him and his sister. McCandless states that the previous four years of college he pursued to fulfill an â€Å"absurd and onerous duty:† to graduate college. Shortly after

Negligence Legal Services Commission

Question: Discuss about the Negligence Legal Services Commission. Answer: Introduction: A tort has been regarded as a civil wrong, other than the contravention of an agreement. And any failure to exercise the appropriate and principled ruled care which was owed towards another individual was expected to be exercised among the specific circumstances. Such circumstances could be regarded under the area of tort law as negligence. More specifically, an act of negligence could be observed to be described as a failure to act with certain extent of concern that any individual of common care would have implemented under the similar kind of situations. Also, the behavior of an individual in the normal course consists of actions, but also at the same could also comprise of certain errors when there was certain duty which was owed towards another person to act reasonably (Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2016). It was the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 wherein the new law of negligence was recognized. In this case it was also stated in brief that in order to establish or make the assertion of negligence successful against an individual, the applicant requires to show that: The respondent owed a obligation of showing care against him; The defendant was in contravention of that obligation; The contravention of such duty have caused a injury; and The injury was not too remote (Find Law, 2017). In another case of 'Caparo Industries Plc v. Dickman' [1990] a 'threefold test was introduced in relation to the duty of care. It was concluded that the injury which was caused to the plaintiff should be: Practically predictable There must have been a connection of closeness among the applicant and the respondent; and It must be reasonable, just and rational to inflict such obligation which the person owed. It could also be stated that even if the applicant have established that the respondent owed a duty towards the applicant, and he violated such duty. In such cases also the respondent has a right to raise some defenses against the issue of negligence that may decrease or eradicate his liability. Although, there has been numerous defenses against the act of negligence but in this case one of the defense which a defendant could take was the defense of contributory negligence. The defense of Contributory negligence could be established in such cases wherein both the applicant and the defendant were found to be negligent in performing their part of duty then all the damages would be separated amongst them (Find Law, 2017). Also, when the injured individual himself was found to be a part or have contributed to the cause of their damage then this defense would be applicable. Because the applicant was in failure to show sensible concern for his own security against the harm suffered. For instance, as a result of the act of the party who has suffered harm because of a slip or fall because of the failure to keep a watch out for their own protection where they could have been convincingly have been predictable to do so (CockBurn, 2001). It has also been acknowledged and established clearly that if a slip and fall takes place and as a result of that some harm was suffered (Taylor Scott, 2016); then there would be a discrete opportunity that the person who has suffered harm would make a assertion against the owner of an organization for costs claiming negligence and contravenes numerous number of safety regulations (Compensation Connection, 2015). In Jones V Livox Quarries Ltd [1952] 2 QB 608 it was concluded that the applicant had made a contribution to the harm which he has suffered as it was practically predictable that his negligence bare him to the threat of being compressed (Bits of Law,2013). In another case of Pavlis v Wetherill Park Market Town Pty Ltd (2014) NSWCA 292 it was affirmed that a claim of an individual for carelessness against a shopping mall and its employees in deference of harms suffered as he slipped on a wet street became unsuccessful (Bannermans Lawyers, 2017). The claim was unsuccessful at both first request and on the petition because a sensible amount of precaution had been taken against the risk of an important person who slipped on the pavement (Tidbury and Stower, 2017). Also, in Raad v KTP Holdings Pty Ltd as Trustee for VM KTP Nguyen Family Trust [2016] NSW 2016 it was concluded that it was clearly accepted that the speed of movement of the applicant have been a contributing factor to the fall and therefore a decrease of 10% in regard to the claim for contributory negligence was made (Lexology, 2016). So, in this case it could be affirmed and stated that as it was raining when Tamara went down to the confectionary aisle of her local Aldi Supermarket in order to purchase her favorite chocolate. When she reached there at the other corner of the store she saw that there was only one chocolate bar left which she wanted to purchase. It was then when she began to run but she increased her speed. As a result of which when she was about to reach for the chocolate she fell down on a puddle of melted ice cream and broke her back. So, it could be stated that there was a clearly negligence on the part of the store that they did not clean uop the ice cream from the floor. Bit at the same time as it was mentioned above that as a prudent individual Tamara would also have taken immense care of her own safety when she knew that she was all wet and her shoes basically. So, she must have taken care which she failed to take into account as a result of which she was found contributory negligent for the harm which she suffered. But it was specifically stated that the Aldi Supermarkets could have proved that a worker inspects the supermarket aisles and cleans up any spillages every 40 minutes. So, it could have been then established that the store took reasonable care for the safety of its customers. Conclusion Therefore, it has been advised to Tamara that although she could not held the store liable for the whole amount of harm which she suffered but she could hold them liable for the partial harm. As she was contributory negligent and have contributed to her own harm. References Bannermans Lawyers. (2017) Contributory Negligence In "Slip And Fall" Cases - No Control Over The Plaintiff's Own Action Or Inaction?. [Online] Bannermans Lawyers. Available from: https://www.bannermans.com.au/insurance/articles/public-liability/331-contributory-negligence-in-slip-and-fall-cases-no-control-over-the-plaintiff-s-own-action-or-inaction [Accessed on 27/1/17] Bits of Law. (2013) Negligence Partial Defence: Contributory.[Online] Bits of Law. Available from: https://www.bitsoflaw.org/tort/negligence/study-note/degree/partial-defence-contributory [Accessed on 27/1/17] CockBurn, T. (2001) Duty of Care of Landlords of Residential Premises. University of Tasmania Law Review, 20(2), 206-222. Compensation Connection. (2015) Are Shopping Centres Liable for Customers Who Slip, Trip or Fall?. [Online] Compensation Connection. Available from: https://compensationconnection.com.au/2015/02/26/are-shopping-centres-liable-for-customers-who-slip-trip-or-fall/ [Accessed on 27/1/17] Find Law. (2017) Defenses to Negligence Claims. [Online] Find Law. Available from: https://injury.findlaw.com/accident-injury-law/defenses-to-negligence-claims.html [Accessed on 27/1/17] Find Law. (2017) Elements of a Negligence Case. [Online] Find Law. Available from: https://injury.findlaw.com/accident-injury-law/elements-of-a-negligence-case.html [Accessed on 27/1/17] Legal Services Commission of South Australia. (2016) Negligence. [Online] Legal Services Commission of South Australia. Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch01s05.php [Accessed on 27/1/17] Lexology. (2016) A slip up - shopping centre liable for slip and fall on wet tiles. [Online] Lexology. Available from: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=bdcef724-3c2e-482d-9d74-540bc1a44d6c [Accessed on 27/1/17] Taylor Scott. (2016) Slip and Fall At A Shopping Centre: Whos Responsible?. [Online] Taylor Scott. Available from: https://www.taylorandscott.com.au/slip-and-fall-at-a-shopping-centre-whos-responsible/ [Accessed on 27/1/17] Tidbury, R and Stower, C. (2017) Shopping centre and its managing agent not liable for a customers injury arising from a slip and fall on wet pavement. [Online] Find Law. Available from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5535/shopping-centre-and-its-managing-agent-not-liable-.aspx [Accessed on 27/1/17]

China Major Invention Compass free essay sample

In the ancient era china has made many major developments and inventions. The most famous inventions are the Four Great Inventions. And one of the four great inventions is the compass. It was in the ancient era, during the Qin Dynasty (221-206BC), in 220BC when the first compasses were probably made. In this essay I will cover important points on the compass’s history, which mainly involve its origins and how and why it was invented. This essay will also state the effects it has on people in the ancient era and how it has developed over the years and why it is considered such a great invention. Origins of the Compass The compass originated in the Qin Dynasty. Apart from being a navigation tool throughout the centuries, it is also a form of art and expresses divine aspects. The spoon-shaped pointer was made of lodestone and from Wang Chong’s (27- c. We will write a custom essay sample on China Major Invention Compass or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 100 AD) Lunheng, â€Å"This instrument resembles a spoon, and when it is placed on a plate on the ground, the handle points to the south. † The spoon represents the Great Bear. The square plate represents Earth and its round center represents Heaven. The plate bears Chinese Characters of the eight main directionsNorth, South, East, West, North-East, South-East, South-West and North-West. The bonze plate also depicts designs like the Ten Heavenly Stems, Twelve Earthly Branches, and the four Divinatory Symbols. Such designs were carved on a rosewood platform and the intricate compass could be used as a decoration. Thus it is a unique form of art. Reasons of This Invention There were three reasons the compass was used for and surprisingly, none of them had any relation with navigation. Chinese have a strong respect for their ancestors and belief in their traditions and the reasons of this invention revolved around these aspects. The divine symbols on the bronze plate all came about because the compass was initially used for fortune telling in the 4th Century BC, the Taoist method of environmental organisations. Fortune tellers used compasses to construct their fortune telling boards. The second reason was for town planning and constructions of houses. The compass was used to ensure that houses and buildings faced a particular direction that was said to be in harmony with nature. This helped residents to feel peaceful as they found comfort in nature. The third was for geomancy, a method of divination by interpreting patterns. The compass was used to tell and determine the time and places of events like burial. This helped Chinese feel more bonded to their ancestors. Also, an encounter with divine forces, even if only imagined, can do wonders to people as our lives are all controlled by the way we think. Once we have faith in something, that helps to motivate us. How It Was Invented Based on its design and symbolic meaning, that the compass was originally used for fortune telling purposes. However, according to Daniel Boorstin in The Discoverers, the compass was also used and evolved from the game chess, where it was used to unravel the meaning of the universal forces, Yin and Yang. The ladle-like pointer was made in lodestone after the Chinese had found out of the material’s seemingly mystical properties. It was during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC), while mining ores and melting copper and iron, that they chanced upon the natural magnetite. The â€Å"spoon† was spun around as a divine object according to the rules of the game. Later, the Chinese came to realization of the fact that the compass was better at pointing out real directions than using it for fortune telling or divine purposes. And thus the compass was formed for navigational purposes. How the Chinese Compass Developed over the Years The Chinese compass has changed drastically over the years to become the compass that we now know. Many changes have been made to the original version of the compass in order to make it better, more convenient, and more suited for its purposeto navigate. One of the changes is the materials they make use of. The Chinese compasses made use of lodestone, a natural mineral that attracts iron and other metals. Then, in the 8th century AD, Chinese scholars found a way to magnetise a needle. Following that, they suspended the needle in air by a thread or floated it in water. This turned out to be a much more lightweight and portable compass. Now, it has been replaced by a small magnetised piece of metal mounted on a pin and has many variations of sizes. Another change was its design. As mentioned in one of the above points, the bronze plate that the spoon was placed on depicted many divine features. All these features were carved onto a rosewood platform. Apart from being an ordinary compass, the Chinese compass can also be a beautiful piece of home decor and Feng Shui. This is what makes it such an elegant work of artbeing able to engrave Chinese traditions and beliefs into their pieces of work. However now, the compasses that we see are just ordinary tools of navigations, without any trace of art mentioned earlier. Time has caused the compass to change from a spoon on a bronze plate with carvings to a small, portable tool. Of course, it is much more convenient to carry around nowadays but personally I think I would be nicer if we could bring some form of art into our busy lives. Its Impacts on Ancient China The compass was a big invention back in the ancient era. It allowed people to accomplish tasks that were previously thought close to impossible. The compass opened up portals to a wider range of oceans and allowed ships to travel through new and uncharted waters. According to Yuan Dynasty diplomat Zhou Daguan in The Customs of Cambodia, the first person to use the compass for navigation in the seas was him. He had described his voyage in the book, recording the when his ship set sail from Wenzhou; he had taken a needle direction of â€Å"ding wei† position (22. 5o South-West). Ships could sail as far as Suadi Arabia without getting lost in the vast seas. After being introduced to other countries, it also led to the discovery of many countries and the New World. This also increased the land area for more resources. It was also used for traditional purposes as mentioned earlier under the reasons of invention. The compass was used to determine time and places of burials and also used to ensure that houses faced a direction in harmony with nature. This helped strengthen the Chinese’s faith and belief in their tradition and culture. That was why the impact of the invention of compass was that great. Conclusion The main reason why the compass was such a great invention was because it helped us to broaden our knowledge of the world. Without the invention of a compass, our world might still be just a small cluster of islands, living in ignorance of other places. Without the compass, Singapore might not have existed in the people’s minds. Also, with the discovery of more countries came the increase in the diversity of cultures which eventually led to the multi-racial culture of Singapore. One thing that strikes me as the most intriguing was how they managed to create such an invention with beautiful touches of art and the Chinese culture. In a country where ancestors are deeply respected and people are strongly rooted in traditional beliefs, it is not hard to see why the compass was considered such a great invention and important tool back in the ancient era and up till now.

One in a Million free essay sample

I remember that day – it was 2001 the year when the terrorist flew the planes into the twin towers – I can see the view clearly through my fifth grade class room windows, mean while my elementary teachers were talking about their degrees in college. Well of course, I don’t have the sightless clue about colleges, how it’s like, the work process, and even how to get into its superlative rank. But, I do know one thing. Colleges, as I heard of them, are till years always and colleges, as I consider them, are adult’s work – no room for ten years old like me. My attention, and those of my classmate, was more focused on the 2001 plane crash than on my teachers. Few hours these people were still in bed and getting ready for work, the next thing they’re attacked by terrorist. The thought, that human doesn’t live long, gave me uneasy and skeptical meaning towards life; the fact that people comes and goes, got me thinking about the cognition of the human mind. We will write a custom essay sample on One in a Million or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’s like one day, a perfect day, everything is going great , you got A’s on your exams, your girlfriend decided to go out with you, you graduated from a top university, and the list goes on. But what happen if (the word If is a powerful words, which can be used for analytical thinking and taking consideration between other alternatives) things don’t go as one anticipated? This is a question not many wish to bring about. I read an article about varieties of disorder such as Alzheimer, a disease which one’s brain sizes deteriorates over time – eventually losing one’s identity. The thought of it sends chills down my body; as if you’re taking a shower and suddenly someone turn off the warm water. Yet this is not all, there are still other brain disease which can engender devastating results towards one’s abilities to progress in universities, as well as the world. You see, the way I think is different and is far from being rational to others. I believe genes play no part in one’s intelligent, despite brain disorders, and ethnics plays no role in some one’s true individuality. Even though my beliefs may seem irrational to some people, and it will be irrational if nothing is implemented to help those in need for remedy. I have always feared of becoming oblivious, I even started to drink grade juice, eat blue berries, exercise, and study every day excessive ly. One day, one of my colleges planning organizing (CPC – Chinese-American planning council) hosted an AID Walk across NYC Manhattan Bride. The aim of this walk is to educate people; inform them to say â€Å"No† to Pressured Intercourse, how HIV/AID spread, the possibilities to avoid HIV/AID, and how to diagnose symptoms or where to call for mediate help. At first I was tentative of going; but I was told we’ll get prizes at the end of the event, so I decided to give it a try. The day was extravagantly humid, around 92 degrees Fahrenheit, and there were a lot of other participants, which made it even more humid. We were separated by groups. I was grouped with two other participants; a young girls and a young boy, both around my age, and an elderly woman. We walked for quite a while, and the woman told us all sort of different stories back in her days, which range from politics, her family life, her achievements, her regrets, and the changes of the world as she saw them. Not only do her achievements motivate me, but her regrets helped me to understand my selves with integrity. All her stories seem realistic and inspiring, and she knows a deal about the world. So I have this temptation of asking her â€Å"What makes you join this AID Walk?† She told me, that she has a son whom has AID, and she has been in the AID Walk organization for couples of years now; she also said: â€Å"she can’t barely think, how the families would respond if their so n or daughter has AID, and she wanted to education other, so they can have the knowledge necessary to prevent these Adverse Epidemics†. This is why the world, as I see it, have a lot to share, and the people , have a lot to give, I met in my journey will all help enhance my goal. Right now, you might be thinking â€Å"How can I contribute to your university?† Well you see, I’m not one of those students whom aspire only toward personal ambition, but I, on the other hand, instead aspire in something not many can even imagine. Which will corroborate with my next question; the sole question, for my entire life, is â€Å"How to live a triumphant and self-indulging life?† This question always thrive me to work harder, grasps into the endless void and hope that someday I’ll find the answer – the answer of the ,my mind, human mind. Now, please don’t get me wrong. I’m totally obliged in aspiring toward Psychology, right now my career path is still unclear and subtle. But, I’ll find definitely find something worthwhile to settle in. I have heard varieties of ways to ameliorate one’s mentality and ways to alter one’s life for the better. And one way to eradicate the chain of genetic disorder is to use the process â€Å"Designer babies†. The process of â€Å"Designer babies†, technically take some else genes and modify that gene and implant any desired features; physical, and metal mechanisms, such as blue eyes, dark hair, height modification, so on and so forth. This procedure is extremely difficult to master; there is possible room for high percentage rate of failure. Not only does this motivate me, but it also help motivate me to obtain such acme position, which I can help find cures. Over the years, I didn’t look at others and judge them on their first appearance, speech mechanism, and the way they think, but on how they respond to certain situations. The real art of human capacities lies within their mind, the way one thinks, the way one tackles certain problems, and the way one’s obligation differ from others. This is why I’m perfect for your school; in fact I can contribute plenty of different qualities, which only I (David) can contribute. This is what sets me apart from other candidates.